Proteins are are large complex molecules, essential to practically all life’s processes. What a protein does largely depends on its unique 3D structure. Figuring out what shapes proteins fold into is known as the “protein folding problem”, and has stood as a grand challenge in biology for the past 50 years. The machine learning system AlphaFold has been recognised as a solution to this challenge by the organisers of the biennial Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP). In this talk Andrew will describe how AlphaFold works and how AlphaFold predictions are transforming molecular biology, as well as looking more broadly at how machine learning can impact science.